Homologous Trait: 

The Domestic Cat:

The domestic cat has been around since the times of ancient Egypt when they were worshipped. Since then they have become a normal part of the human home, or can be seen roaming as strays. They are smaller than other wild cats averaging at 14 inches long and around 10 pounds. They have excellent senses and spend around 18 hours of their day asleep. They are nocturnal and also carnivorous.

The Bearded Dragon:

The Bearded Dragon is naturally found in Australia but are kept all over the world as indoor pets. They come in a variety of shades due to genetic morphs, but are usually tan, brown, and a little orange. They can grow up to 24 inches long including their tails and spend most of their day basking. Their diet includes crickets, worms, and greens like kale. They are docile, but if they feel threatened their beard will puff out and turn a dark black color. 

Homologous Trait:

The cat's tail is long and flexible, covered in fur, and can show emotion that the cat is feeling; playfulness or frustration when it is twitching back and forth, fear when it's puffed up, and excitement when it stand straight up as the cat walks. The tail is also essential for balance and tail injuries can result in permanent damage since they are so closely connected to the spinal cord. Bearded Dragons have tails that are scaly, stiff and usually lay flat and drag behind them; if lifted too far then they can cause damage and break the spine. Bearded Dragons will twitch their tails similarly to cats when they are hunting, or this can be an indicator that they are stressed out. Unlike other lizards Bearded Dragons cannot regrow their tails so any damage to them is permanent. These traits are very different in these two species because they branched off from each other many years ago, but the similarity is still apparent.

Common Ancestor:

The common ancestor was a tetrapod long ago which, like most possessed a tail. The tail trait is still common in tetrapods even though some have a vestigial trait, like humans.

Domestic Cat tail

Bearded Dragon Tail:

Analogous Trait:

The Capybara:

     The Capybara, or water hog, is the world's largest rodent averaging at 1.4 meters long and it can be found in South and Central America. This rodent is semi-aquatic and its stocky appearance resembles a barrel. Most notable is the fact that their eyes, ears, and nose are all on the top of their short head which allows for exceptional sight, sound and smell while in the water. Their coarse fur is specifically designed to dry quickly once back on land and they are herbivores.

The Sea Otter:

The Sea Otter is one of the smallest marine mammals found in the Pacific Ocean and though they can live on land, it's not uncommon for them to live their entire lives in the water. Their black, brown, or tan fur is the thickest in the animal kingdom and it helps them fight the cold waters of the ocean. They are mainly carnivorous and are well known for using rocks as tools to open prey such as clams, snails, or sea urchins. 

Analogous Trait: Webbed Feet 

Both of these mammals spend most of their time in water so they each have developed webbing between their toes that help them become more efficient swimmers. Capybaras have webbing on all four feet with hoof like claws on each toe. The claws help them maintain traction while the webbing allows for movement through the water and also prevents them from sinking into the mud on the riverbanks. On the other hand, Sea Otters webbing occurs only on their hind feet which closely resemble flippers. Unlike the Capybara who uses all four feet while swimming, the Sea Otter only uses its hind legs which explains the difference in webbing. The Otter's feet are larger and more heavily webbed to allow for faster swimming. 

Common Ancestor:

The last common point between the Rodentia (Capybara's Order) and the Carnivora (Sea Otter's Order) is something in the Boreoeutheria magnorder. This ancestry is so long ago and not all of the mammals after this group have webbed feet so it doesn't make much sense to believe that the initial ancestor group had them. Webbed feet in Capybaras and Sea Otters is just a good example of parallel evolution. 

Capybara feet and webbing

Sea Otter hind feet and webbing